guantanamo bay humiliation

    Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Red Cross, the United Nations, the Center for Constitutional Rights, and a member of the military commissions council set up by the Bush administration have all concluded that the men imprisoned at Guantánamo Bay were tortured by the U.S. military. To understand how "Hooded Man" and "Leashed Man" could have happened, Mark Danner turns to the documents that are collected for the first time in this book. These memos attempted to give legal justification to the torture program and argued that, while the techniques used “may amount to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, they do not produce pain or suffering of the necessary intensity to meet the definition of torture.” Pain severe enough to be considered torture would be “equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function or even death.” Additionally, in 2002 Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld began the process of, the approved list of interrogation techniques in the Army Field Manual. The men and boys imprisoned at Guantánamo Bay have frequently engaged in hunger strikes in order to protest their detention and treatment. The first book published by a longtime Guantanamo Bay inmate that describes torture, humiliation and despair during 13 years in captivity was selling briskly in the United States on Wednesday and . rectal rehydration and sexual humiliation — that amounted to torture. Prisoners at Guantanamo Bay were subjected to Abu Ghraib-style torture and sexual humiliation in which they were stripped naked, forced to sodomise one another and taunted by naked female American . Female sexuality was used as a weapon to target Islam. Guantanamo Bay an assortment of detention camps to capture and detain foreign threats is the 21st century manifestation of torture societal waste and degradation. Many of the individuals who have since been released. Combining an art project with critical commentary, Coco Fusco imaginatively addresses the role of women in the war on terror and explores how female sexuality is being used as a weapon against suspected Islamic terrorists. With evidence of former interrogation techniques such as strip searches, use of chains and leashes, and 18-20 hour interrogations, it is clear that Guantanamo Bay has become, in the words of Admiral Blair, Obama’s former head of National Intelligence, “ a damaging symbol to the world.” This perception was only furthered by the release of the Guantanamo files after they were provided to Wikileaks by soldier Bradley Manning. The . Following testimony by Jessen and Mitchell, journalist Carol Rosenberg concluded, “They showed that the interrogation program was more a test lab for unproven techniques than a well-regulated system, with rules made up or broken on the fly and its day-to-day operations afflicted by internal rivalries.” Fresh allegations about a regime of torture and humiliation inflicted on detainees by their American captors at Guantánamo Bay have been made by a Briton still held there, according to . The contract was, in 2009 under the Obama Administration, by which point Mitchell, Jessen and Associates had received, In testimony delivered during the pretrial hearings for five men currently on trial in Guantánamo Bay, Mitchell, no remorse for his participation. Since then, June 26th has been designated as International Day in Support of Victims of Torture. infection, pneumonia, collapsed lungs, heart failure, and post-traumatic stress disorder. KSM, who should have been executed by the United States many years ago, is alive today, held at the American facility in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. During these early years, Guantanamo was used for the detention and torture of suspected terrorists as well as individuals with information pertinent to the U.S.’s War on Terror. Despite the President’s confident claims, he has been unsuccessful in gaining support for closure in the Senate. In Chicago, several people have come forward to claim that their confessions or convictions were a result of Zuley’s torture. When looking at the presence of Guantanamo Bay and the torture that took place, much of the world asks itself at what point did America spiral down the path of institutionalized brutality. A draft of this book had just been completed when the first photos from Abu Ghraib were published; tragically, many of Harbury's deepest fears about America's own abuses were graphically confirmed by those horrific images. The claim of fresh abuses against Britons came as Lord Falconer, the lord chancellor, ventured further than any senior government figure so far in attacking the US policy at Guantánamo Bay. In truth, however, this prison is doing much more harm than good. Female interrogators tried to break Muslim detainees at the U.S. prison camp in Guantanamo Bay by sexual touching, wearing a . According to a report in  the Guardian, even before arriving at Guantánamo Zuley was praised for his ability to obtain confessions from subjects. . S ensory deprivation and solitary confinement, punctuated by patches of ocean and blue sky. He was apprehended and arrived at the detention camp on August 4, 2002 and was released on October 17, 2016, at which time he was sent back to Mauritania. Jan. 27, 2005, 11:23 AM PST / Source: The Associated Press. Once tortured, prisoner's quest for freedom is a test of larger political realities at play for the Biden administration. He is allowed 30 minutes of exercise every second day. The United States government explicitly sanctioned this torture in the infamous 2002 “, ,” drafted by John Yoo, the deputy assistant attorney general for the Bush administration at the time. AU - Miles, Steven H. PY - 2007/4. After reviewing twenty frequently presented examples of the program’s successes, the report found that all were “wrong in fundamental respects.” Furthermore, journalists have argued that inaccurate coerced evidence obtained during this program, and from torture in Egypt that occurred as part of the U.S. rendition program, was used to help justify the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Ultimately, the necessary resolution is clear—the United States must reach a bipartisan agreement to shut down the Guantanamo Bay Detention Center. The chairs bound the individual’s hands, feet, forehead, and chest. Follows the paper trail of torture memos that led to abuses at Guantanámo, in Afghanistan, and in Iraq. These memos attempted to give legal justification to the torture program and argued that, while the techniques used “may amount to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, they do not produce pain or suffering of the necessary intensity to meet the definition of torture.” Pain severe enough to be considered torture would be “equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function or even death.” Additionally, in 2002 Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld began the process of greatly expanding the approved list of interrogation techniques in the Army Field Manual. Obama tried to close Guantanamo Bay, and transferred nearly 200 prisoners to other countries during his eight years in office, 2009-2017, but was unable to empty the prison where 40 detainees . Female interrogators repeatedly used sexually suggestive tactics to try to humiliate and pry information from devout Muslim men held at the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, according to a military investigation not yet public and newly declassified accounts from detainees. Regardless of the positive changes the detainee program has undergone, this prison holds too many secrets, corruptions to remain open. "--A lawyer's life in the CIA. Under seven presidents and 11 different CIA directors, Rizzo rose to become the CIA's most powerful career attorney. It depicts the global impact Guant á namo has had on the lives of hundreds of Muslims, their families, and communities as a whole. In late 2005 Guantánamo authorities began using restraint chairs to hold men they force-fed. Guantanamo Bay prison has a legacy rooted in white supremacy. "At the heart of our culture is a commitment to the rule of law and human rights," the lord chancellor said in a speech to the Institute of Public Policy Research, a leftwing thinktank. Copyright © 2018 Georgetown University. Three Britons freed from Guantanamo Bay claim they suffered systematic brutality and sexual humiliation during their detention at the U.S . T1 - Medical ethics and the interrogation of Guantanamo 063. HUMILIATION IN AFGHANISTAN. Arocho-Burkart was an interrogator at the American prison in the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay. Guantanamo detainees were tortured, medical exams show. GUANTÁNAMO BAY, Cuba. Tellingly, the Prosecution is fighting back against this request, offering instead a two hour guided tour of the prison. Sex As Weapon By Gitmo Guards? Other interrogators at Guantánamo Bay prison have faced scrutiny for their actions both in and outside of the prison. All but 39 of Guantánamo Bay's 780 estimated detainees have now been repatriated or resettled. The military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, took its first 20 detainees in 2002. The US should immediately close Guantanamo Bay. A Guantanamo Bay protest outside the White House. A taliban commander claimed he spent eight years in Guantanamo Bay in a triumphant speech from inside the Presidential Palace in Kabul as the militants declared an Islamic state of Afghanistan after the country's president joined thousands of Afghan nationals in a mass exodus. The contract was terminated in 2009 under the Obama Administration, by which point Mitchell, Jessen and Associates had received $81 million. Hunger strikes and forced feedings, broken by meals shared with a friendly iguana. As a result, he spent most of his time in solitary confinement. But then, after all those years, Ahmed was freed, his innocence admitted. This is Ahmed’s story. Many of the individuals who have since been released report that they still experience physical and mental distress and trauma as a result of their treatment in Guantánamo Bay, including permanent headaches, nightmares, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. According to some reports, Abdel al-Rahim al-Hashiri was waterboarded three times during the time Haspel was the base commander in Thailand. Zuley’s interrogation of. Binyam Mohamed the British resident who is still held in Guantánamo Bay knows a bit about such torture. Recommendations -- Background: official sanction for crimes against detainees -- Torture of detainees in US counterterrorism operations -- Individual criminal responsibility -- Appendix: foreign state proceedings regarding US detainee ... Several political leaders supported the torture and indefinite imprisonment of Muslims, such as Vice President Dick . In 2002, the Central Intelligence Agency awarded a contract in the amount of, develop the CIA’s so-called “enhanced interrogation” program. According to the medical code of ethics, as long as the strikers are medically, and informed of the possible consequences of their actions, they have the right to strike. The torture included but was not limited to waterboarding, sexual harassment and abuse, physical abuse, and sleep deprivation. These interrogations involved the use of torture techniques similar to those he would later use at Guantánamo Bay: prolonged shackling, threats against the detained person’s family members, and coerced confessions. The prisoner, Abdullatif Nasser, who's in his mid-50s, was cleared for repatriation by a review board in July 2016 but remained at . However, these repercussions must be dealt through legitimate legal channels both for efficacy, morality, and the reputation of the United States. Confronting and Ending the Politics of Humiliation: Part 1, From the Warsaw Ghetto to Guantanamo Bay 07/15/2008 05:12 am ET Updated May 25, 2011 At this point, to wax rhapsodic over the end of the Bush regime would be a foolishly premature celebration. In visit to Guantanamo Bay, . The book the government doesn’t want you to read. President Trump wants to bring back torture. This is why he’s wrong. Two Army psychologists helped perpetrate abuse of detainees at Guantanamo Bay including sleep deprivation and sexual humiliation, according to complaints filed Wednesday by human rights groups . Found inside" This is the complete Executive Summary of the Senate Intelligence Committee's investigation into the CIA's interrogation and detention programs -- a.k.a., The Torture Report. Just who is Mexican President Enrique Nieto? "They used a lot of sexual humiliation techniques on men from the Middle East," former Guantanamo detainee Sassi said. While her nomination was controversial (over one hundred retired military officers released a letter calling her unfit for the position due to her role in the torture program), she was confirmed in 2018 and led the agency until January 2021. The G uantánamo Bay Data Project serves as a central source of information on the G uantánamo Bay Military Prison. "The Guantánamo Bay Prison has been the site of horrendous torture including brutal beatings, sleep deprivation, solitary confinement, sexual humiliation and terrorizing prisoners with dogs. It is well known that though the first prisoners arrived at the Guantanamo Bay Detention Center (Gitmo for short) at the US Naval Base on Cuba January 11, 2002, the White House did not acknowledge the application of the Geneva Convention, which regulates humane treatment of prisoners, until 2009. The chairs bound the individual’s hands, feet, forehead, and chest. This torture, sexual harassment and threats of rape, threats with dogs, extended solitary confinement, light and sound manipulation, exposure to extreme temperatures, sleep deprivation, physical abuse such as beatings or being put into “stress positions,” forced shaving, and religious abuse such as mocking the call to prayer and abuse of the Qur’an. Moreover, as several scholars have noted, the production of an enduring, shareable image of torture is not a separate from but rather part of the infliction of humiliation.77 In the era of the image, taking a photograph of torture is a kind of micro-publicity, or potential publicity—for the victim, a material gaze that shames, ridicules, and . The reality of Guantanamo since 2009 is certainly very different than during the Bush administration. Major General Geoffrey Miller, a squat, pugnacious artillery officer who is now commandant of the U.S. prison camp at Guantanamo Bay, stands in the shade of a palm tree by his headquarters. In hundreds of cases, even the circumstances of their initial detainment are questionable. This collection gives voice to the men held at Guantánamo. International; Law/Rights; Close Guantanamo Prison: 75 House Democrats Urge Joe Biden. Found insideTrump and His Generals is Peter Bergen's riveting account of what happened when the unstoppable force of President Trump met the immovable object of America's national security establishment--the CIA, the State Department, and, above all, ... She is known as one of the female interrogators who used sexual humiliation, and sexual taunting, to break the will of her devout Muslim captives. Despite this success, Obama has made very little progress in actually fulfilling his promise to close Guantanamo. It is a photograph taken at Camp X-Ray in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, January, 2002. Among the reports of abuses by government officials at the Navy base at Guantanamo Bay, perhaps few inflamed Muslims worldwide as much as allegations that copies of the Quran were dumped into filthy prison toilets. Amazingly, as of this writing, senior leaders have yet to be held accountable. Read this book, become better informed, and energize your elected officials to do the right thing. Detainees were humiliated and forced to go through 'rectal feeding' and 'rectal rehydration.' A former U.S. Official recently admitted 9/11 detainees suffered sexual humiliation under interrogation at CIA-run secret prisons outside the United States or the U.S. detention center at Guantanamo Bay. Martin said that in another incident in June, he had been put in a room with the temperature at 97F ... he knew the temperature because he had seen the dial. Mired in a problematic historical past and current, including detention and torture, there is nothing that can reform the prison. The entrance to Camp 5 and Camp 6 at the US military's Guantanamo Bay detention center at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base AP Guantanamo detainee Mohamedou Ould Slahi 'was forced to have sex with ONE man here weighs just 77 pounds. The Foreign Office had originally refused to give Mr Mubanga's family details of his claims of ill-treatment, blaming the data protection act. These trials have raised many questions about the secrecy surrounding Guantanamo. While Donald Trump's dealings with Russia have triggered a political scandal, the mainstream media continue to maintain silence on a foreign policy area that Trump's predecessors, Barack Obama and George W. Bush, long colluded on with the Russian government . Guantanamo Bay: In a courtroom, just feet away from 9/11 suspects. The men and boys imprisoned at Guantánamo Bay have frequently engaged in hunger strikes in order to protest their detention and treatment. TY - JOUR. In 2010 a federal judge ordered his release but the decision was appealed. January 27, 2005 / 2:30 PM / AP. When, in 2003, U.S. forces captured Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the top planner of 9/11, the Bush administration failed to deliver the swift justice he deserved. In fact, on his first full day in office in 2009, the President issued an executive order mandating that the prison be closed within one year and its prisoners transferred. It is accepted that methods of advanced interrogation, or torture, have not been used under President Obama. "For the British government to sit on its hands while its closest ally, the US government, is torturing our citizens is unforgivable," she said. Female interrogators tried to break Muslim detainees at the U.S. prison camp in Guantanamo Bay by sexual touching, wearing a miniskirt and thong underwear and . The US authorities have investigated them and their response is that they are without merit. In other words, just within the last month Obama signed away his ability to transfer the current detainees out of Guantanamo and shut it down. "I can safely tell you that I'm amazed," Slahi, who is portrayed by actor Tahar Rahim in the film, said in an interview with Yahoo Canada. The Guantanamo Bay detention camp (Spanish: Centro de detención de la bahía de Guantánamo) is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and "Gitmo" (/ ˈ ɡ ɪ t m oʊ /), on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba.Of the 780 people detained there since January 2002 when the military prison first opened after the September . Guantanamo Bay jail ought to be abolished less than Biden. A comprehensive legal and medical analysis of "enhanced" interrogation techniques and similar forms of abuse, particularly psychological techniques, reportedly authorized and used by U.S. personnel. Astrid Rieken/Getty Images Thirteen "enhanced interrogation techniques" are at the center of the Senate Intelligence Committee report about the . Now four former detainees are suing those U.S. officials over those very allegations - and employing a novel argument to do it. Guantanamo Bay Detention Center - An American Humiliation "As President, I will close Guantanamo…." President Obama repeated this promise many times during his 2008 campaign, making it a central issue in the election. This was not any one particular act; this was just a combination of things that had a medical impact on him, that hurt his health, it was abusive and uncalled for. In testimony delivered during the pretrial hearings for five men currently on trial in Guantánamo Bay, Mitchell expressed no remorse for his participation. This grim anniversary has meant renewed focus on the five suspects in detention accused of involvement in the 9/11 attacks. OPINION: Guantanamo Bay is America's enduring shame Slahi was working for a German technology company in the late 1990s when he came onto the US intelligence radar. Held at Guantánamo without charge since August 2002, Mohamedou Ould Slahi endured beatings, death threats, sexual humiliation and rape threats against his mother by US personnel at the wartime . A broiling Cuban evening, October 2003. According to the medical code of ethics, as long as the strikers are medically competent and informed of the possible consequences of their actions, they have the right to strike. And the enduring question of whether to riot and resist or negotiate to make life more bearable at Cuba's Guantánamo Bay detention camp, a place many lawyers and human-rights advocates say should have never existed in . He has been detained without charge for more than 11 years and . Y1 - 2007/4. GUANTANAMO BAY AND TORTURE. Mohamedou Ould Slahi, former Guantanamo Bay detainee and the author of the internationally bestselling memoir Guantanamo Diary, recently told me that upon being in repatriated to his home country . It is not a resort area in Guantanamo Bay, but at the same time, we did not abuse the individuals who were down there Colin Powell Mr Ahmed said during an interrogation session in Afghanistan with an MI5 officer and another official who said he was from the Foreign Office, "all the time I was kneeling with a guy standing on the backs of my legs . He attempted to obtain confessions and convictions regardless of the consequences, a philosophy shared at Guantánamo Bay. 20.11 EST. I've been on a hunger strike since Feb. 10 and have lost well . Lieutenant Richard Zuley, a Chicago police detective in the Navy Reserve, worked as a Guantánamo interrogator starting in late 2005. Guantanamo Bay is without doubt a deeply unpleasant place. This project provides a comprehensive picture of the prison, centering the lives of the boys and men detained at the naval base. The Bush administration released 500 men, the Obama administration released 240, and the Trump . Moreover, Guantanamo has been the site of egregious torture, where the US military subjected the men detained there to forced standing, sleep deprivation, sexual humiliation, and religious abuse among other tactics. Confronting and Ending the Politics of Humiliation: Part 1, From the Warsaw Ghetto to Guantanamo Bay 07/15/2008 05:12 am ET Updated May 25, 2011 At this point, to wax rhapsodic over the end of the Bush regime would be a foolishly premature celebration. In the beginning of his first term he did indeed take several steps, which made it appear that a closure was looming in the near future. This is the riveting first-person account of the treacherous top-secret mission inside Afghanistan to set the stage for the defeat of the Taliban and launch the war on terror. Currently, trials for Guantanamo Bay detainees, specifically the 9/11 masterminds, are underway. A powerful indictment, American Methods is "not about Abu Ghraib; this is a book about the USA." It serves as an embarrassment to this country and what we stand for while providing very few real services to our national safety, especially as information obtained under duress is often unreliable. All Rights Reserved. Published: 17:08 EDT, 4 May 2013 | Updated: 07:03 EDT, 5 May 2013. For many survivors, June is a month to celebrate their resilience and healing. Mr Falkoff, a New-York based attorney representing 13 Yemeni prisoners at Guantanamo, told the BBC News website: "The government is trying to use religion to humiliate them." He said his clients had been forced to wear shorts - meaning they were not properly attired for prayer - and that they reported confiscation of religious items. Scrupulously documented and grippingly told, A Question of Torture is a devastating indictment of inhumane practices that have spread throughout the intelligence system, damaging American's laws, military, and international standing. Despite the fact that they had no experience in interrogations and no expertise on al-Qaeda, they began working with the CIA in developing the program in 2002. Female sexuality was used as a weapon to target Islam. The Torture Team delves deep into the Bush administration to reveal: - How the policy of abuse originated with Donald Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney and George W. Bush, and was promoted by their most senior lawyers - Personal accounts, through ... Mr Mubanga, a former motor cycle courier, made his allegations in June during a welfare visit. Those who were subjected to these feedings, that they are extremely painful, traumatic, have caused bleeding, vomiting, and fainting, and were sometimes used as, have strongly condemned force-feeding as cruel, degrading, inhumane treatment, and a violation of human rights. Mr Mubanga also said his weight had plunged in captivity from 84kg to 75kg (13st 3lb to 11st 11lb), and that he got tired and dizzy and did not get enough food. Characterized as "one of the best, if not the best German novels since the dawn of the new millennium," by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Guantanamo is a modern prison novel in the classic style, an implicit indictment of the ... Jess Bravin, the "Wall Street Journal"'s Supreme Court correspondent, was there within days of the prison's opening, and has continued ever since to cover the U.S. effort to create a parallel justice system for enemy aliens. Despite various calls to shutter it, it still stands almost twenty years later. OPINION: Guantanamo Bay is America's enduring shame Slahi was working for a German technology company in the late 1990s when he came onto the US intelligence radar. IMPACT: A majority of those imprisoned at the Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp were subjected to various forms of physical and psychological abuse—techniques that were developed by two American psychologists contracted by the CIA to develop its torture program. “As President, I will close Guantanamo….” President Obama repeated this promise many times during his 2008 campaign, making it a central issue in the election. In this book, William Shawcross explores the visceral debate that these questions have provoked over the proper application of democratic values in a time of war, and the enduring dilemma posed to all victors in war: how to treat the worst ... ", The letter continues: "Martin said that there had been a struggle and he had had his hair stood on by the interrogator.". . Prisoner 063 at the Guantánamo Bay detention facility was reportedly put on a swiveling chair by Major John Leso . According to the Foreign Office letter, the US claims Mr Mubanga attacked his interrogator, despite the fact he almost certainly would have been shackled: "The US authorities said that their records show that Martin grabbed the interrogator's hand and applied a pressure point hold. DAVID ROSE reveals the savagery at Guantanamo Bay. He attempted to obtain confessions and convictions regardless of the consequences, a philosophy shared at Guantánamo Bay. Mohammed al-Qahtani is one of only 39 detainees left at Guantanamo. Drawing on memoirs of captives - including those imprisoned for stealing money, murder, illegal protest or no reason at all - this book presents the universal experience of being incarcerated and brings to life the humanity of those behind ... Detainees in orange jumpsuits sit in a holding area under the watchful eyes of Military Police at Camp X-Ray Januaryt 11, 2001 [sic] at Naval Base Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, during in . In the case of the Guantánamo Bay military prison and the blacksites, the 2014 Senate Intelligence Committee Study found that the torture program was not effective in this regard, and that the CIA’s claims about its effectiveness rested on lies and exaggerations. Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse. She was also involved in a CIA order to, ninety-two videotapes revealing the torture of men in U.S. custody. According to a report in  the, , even before arriving at Guantánamo Zuley was praised for his ability to obtain confessions from subjects. "He said he had wet himself and had been forced to clean up the mess himself. The former director of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was briefly the, of the CIA blacksite in Thailand and may have also, been in charge of a blacksite at Guantánamo Bay military prison itself. Mr Mubanga, 31, alleges that only months ago he was kept shackled for so long that he wet himself, and then was forced to clean up his own urine. Miles has based this book on meticulous research and a wealth of resources, including unprecedented eyewitness accounts from actual victims of prison abuse, and more than thirty-five thousand pages of documentation acquired through ... Female interrogators tried to break Muslim detainees at the U.S. prison camp in Guantanamo Bay by sexual touching, wearing miniskirts . This is the story of Abu Ghraib that you haven't heard, told by the soldier sent by the Army to restore order and ensure that the abuses that took place there never happen again. "At this stage we would not propose to pursue this further.". What exactly is torture? Should we torture suspected terrorists if they have information about future violent acts? Defining torture carefully, the book defends the idea that all people are valuable, and rejects moral defenses of torture. During his career with the Chicago Police Department, Zuley conducted police interrogations primarily on Black Chicagoans. Lieutenant Richard Zuley, a Chicago police detective in the Navy Reserve, worked as a Guantánamo interrogator starting in late 2005. This is a shocking and gripping story of an American GI's six months at the Guantanamo Bay detainee camp where he served as an Arabic translator and took part in the interrogations of the Muslim prisoners. The prisoner was presumably trying to erect a barrier between himself and . Tortured Justice finds the Bush Administration has undercut its own intended use of the military commission system at Guantanamo Bay by allowing the admission of coerced evidence.

    Yoji Shinkawa Artstation, Flights To Cordova Alaska, How To Write A Formal Email In Spanish, Custom Fc Cincinnati Jersey, Pontiac Dealership Near Me, Roman Empire Trade Routes, How To Find Sand Dollars In Maine, Vocal Piece Crossword Clue, Switch Gamecube Adapter Not Working,

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *